Measles is debilitating and deadly, and cases are surging, WHO and CDC warn

Global measles cases increased by over 20% to approximately 10.3 million last year, resulting in around 107,500 fatalities, primarily among young children. Measles is a preventable disease with vaccination, yet reduced vaccination levels have driven the rise in cases. A single measles vaccine dose offers 93% protection, while two doses are 97% effective.

Despite being eradicated from numerous countries over the past 50 years, inadequate vaccine access and misinformation have contributed to resurgent cases, compounded by vaccination declines during the Covid-19 pandemic. About 95% of a community needs complete vaccination to shield the unvaccinated, including young children.

Globally, 83% of children received their initial measles vaccine dose in 2023, with only 74% getting their second dose. In the US, kindergarten vaccination rates dropped below federal targets for the fourth consecutive year, with measles vaccine coverage at 92.7% in the 2023-24 school year. By November 2024, 266 measles cases and 16 outbreaks were recorded in the US.

With significant gaps in vaccine coverage, there was a 60% rise in major measles outbreaks in 2023, impacting 57 countries. Nearly half were reported in Africa. A decrease in measles deaths by 8% from the previous year was observed, attributed not to reduced virus lethality but to better healthcare access where outbreaks occurred.

Children with weakened immune systems from malnutrition or underlying conditions are more susceptible to measles fatalities, with potential complications including pneumonia, which affects about 1 in 20 children infected. General symptoms are fever, cough, runny nose, watery eyes, and a rash, with measles potentially causing lifelong health issues such as blindness, brain damage, and pneumonia.

The measles vaccine has historically saved more lives over the past 50 years than any other vaccine. To prevent the spread of this deadly virus, continued investment in immunization for all people is crucial. We must remember the vital role of vaccines in childhood health and community strength.